1 In general, that art is characterized by abstract, geometric forms and a technique in various materials, often industrial in nature, are assembled rather than carved or modeled. But ___ originally referred to a movement of Russian artists after the 1917 Revolution who enlisted art in the service of the new Soviet system.
2 Faktura could be considered and treated as autonomous expression, as texture that generates specific forms. In this way the narrative function of figurative art was replaced by a self-contained system.
3 In Dada there was a central force of wildly imaginative humor, one of its lasting delights—whether manifested in free-word-association poetry readings drowned in the din of noise machines, in absurd theatrical or cabaret performances, in nonsense lectures, or in paintings produced by chance or intuition uncontrolled by reason.
4 Futurist dynamism, with its "machine aesthetic," was an optimistic, humorless exaltation of the new world of the machine, with progress measured in terms of speed, altitude, and efficiency.
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5 Tatlin developed a repertoire of forms in keeping with what he believed to be the properties of his chosen materials. According to the principles of what he called the "culture of materials" and "truth to materials," each substance, through its structural laws, dictates specific forms, such as the flat geo-metric plane of wood, the curved shell of glass, and the rolled cylinder or cone of metal.
6 Redchenko’s Hanging Construction is a nest of concentric circles, which move slowly in currents of air. The shapes, cut from a single piece of plywood, could be collapsed after exhibition and easily stored.
7 Gabo found himself increasingly at odds with those members of the avant-garde who denounced art in favor of utilitarian objects to aid in the establishment of the socialist state.
8 Stepanova, who made designs for the state textile factory in Moscow, created striking fabrics in repetitive, geometric patterns suitable for industrial printing methods.
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9 Liberated from rational thought processes, the laws of chnace, Arp felt, were more in tune with the workings of nature.
10 The Zurich Dadaists were violently opposed to any organized program in the arts, or any movement that might express the common stylistic denominator of a coherent group. Nevertheless, three factors shaped their creative efforts. These were bruitisme ("noise-music,"), simultaneity, and chance.
11 The industrial materials of iron and glass and the dynamic, kinetic nature of the work symbolized the new machine age.
12 Tatlin's phrase Art into Life" was the rallying cry of the Constructivists.
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